The report explores the market potential for Virtual Power Plant (VPP) deployment in California, identifying all cost-effective VPP capacity that could be realized through achievable, voluntary participation by 2035. Examining five commercially available technologies (smart thermostat-based air-conditioning control, behind-the-meter batteries, residential electric vehicle charging, grid-interactive water heating, and automated demand response systems for large commercial buildings and industrial facilities), the report highlights VPPs’ potential to reduce customer utility bills and mitigate current energy challenges by harnessing current technological advancements. Amid California’s challenges in securing affordable new generation capacity, the study evaluates VPPs as a viable solution to enhance grid reliability, reduce energy costs, and support the state’s transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy system.